氧化淀粉基复合材料的制备及力学性能
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(51775318)


Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Oxidized Starch-Based Composites
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    摘要:

    为提高淀粉基复合材料的力学性能,采用对原生淀粉进行氧化改性,通过模压发泡工艺制备了氧化淀粉基复合材料(OS复合材料)。力学测试结果表明,OS复合材料在力学性能方面有很大程度的提升,且最佳氧化比为m(淀粉)∶m(H2O2)=10∶1.5。此时拉伸强度为3.05MPa,压缩强度6.724MPa,与原生淀粉基复合材料相比分别提高21.03%、14.65%,缓冲性能最佳;其压缩强度明显优于聚苯乙烯发泡塑料(EPS),缓冲系数与EPS接近。为揭示性能变化的内在机理,通过红外光谱分析发现,氧化过程使得淀粉内部官能基团改变,形成更强的氢键,与剑麻纤维的结合更紧固;通过X射线衍射分析得到,淀粉氧化改性后,结晶度降低,内部形成更均匀的相,裸露的支链增多,其与剑麻纤维结合得更好。为探究复合材料的界面结合情况,采用扫描电镜观察,图像显示OS复合材料内部生成了较好的泡孔结构,并且其淀粉基质均匀地附着在纤维的表面,淀粉和纤维形成了很好的结合。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the mechanical properties of the starch-based composites,the native starch was oxidized and the oxidized starch-based composites(OS composites)were prepared by molding foam.The mechanical test shows that the mechanical properties of OS composites are greatly improved,and the optimum oxidation ratio is m(starch)∶m(H2O2)=10∶1.5. At this point, the tensile strength is 3.05 MPa, the compressive strength is 6.724 MPa, which is 21.03% and 14.65% higher than those of the native starch-based composites respectively. At this time, cushion performance is the best. The compressive strength of composites is better than that of EPS. And the cushion coefficient is close to EPS. In order to reveal internal mechanism on the changes of performance, the FT-IR was done.It is found that the oxidization process changes the internal functional groups of native starch and new stronger hydrogen bonds are formed. The new hydrogen bonds strengthen the connection of starch and fiber. The XRD analysis shows that the crystallinity of starch decreases after oxidization modification. The more homogeneous phase is formed and the bare branch increases. The combination with sisal fiber is better. In order to explore the interfacial bonding of the composites,the images of the composites were observed by SEM.The images shows that OS composites have a good cell structure inside. Its starch matrix is uniformly attached to the surface of sisal fiber.The combination of starch and fiber is very good.

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陈帅, 李方义, 李剑峰, 张传伟, 谢麒, 徐婕.氧化淀粉基复合材料的制备及力学性能[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2017,33(9):177-183.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-09-28
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