The friction and wear behavior of nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) filled with different kinds of zinc oxide (ZnO) were studied through MWF-1 computer-controlled reciprocating wear tester under medium lubrication. Based on samples preparation, the morphology of worn surface was measured by SEM. The lubricating medium was base oil, base oil/cyclohexane and cyclohexane, respectively. The results show that, the frictional coefficient increases gradually as extension of the abrasion time under the base oil lubrication. On the contrary, the frictional coefficient decreases firstly then increases under else medium lubrication. Compared with the wear loss of NBR under base oil, the rate of change on wear loss of NBR containing modified nano-ZnO (modified n-ZnO) is the lowest, 11.5% under base oil/cyclohexane lubrication and 20.7% under cyclohexane lubrication. The rate of change on wear loss of NBR containing conventional ZnO(c-ZnO) is the highest, 50% under base oil/cyclohexane lubrication and 82.5% under cyclohexane lubrication. The NBR containing modified ZnO owns higher crosslinking density, which results in the excellent swelling resistance and wear resistance on NBR.