Electrical cable, as the channel to transmit electric energy, is an important component of the electric system, and it can make sure the stability and reliability of cable. However, the aging of cable insulation, which was induced by the influence of external stimulation, such as light, electric field, magnetic field, heat and humidity during the application of process, may ruin the circuit board and paralyze the entire electronic system. Therefore, it possesses theoretical significance and practical value to understand the phenomena of insulation electrical aging. This paper reviewed the research progress about the aging of cable insulation materials, discussed the aging mechanism, introduced the diagnostic techniques of cable aging, and finally provided the prospects of possible aging precautions.