Considering changeable requirements of people nowadays, preparation of high-performance and multifunctional nanofibers has become a hot topic in electrospinning area. A great number of researches were made to functionalize the electrospun nanofibers in two aspects including polymer solution and finishing technology through chemical or physical modification methods. But unique properties of nanofiber will bring some downsides to functional technology, and some further studies are still need to be done. According to the existing relative documents, methods to prepare functional nanofibers, including physical combination between different substances and chemical bondingthrough polymerization reduction reaction, were systematically reviewed.The future of its development was also viewed.