Polyamide (PA), as a kind of common engineering plastics, was widely used in production and life of people. Therefore, studying a new type of polyamide material with better performance has great application prospects. Poly (p-phenyleneitaconamide) (PPIA) was prepared using P-phenylenediamine and itaconyl chloride as raw material by low temperature solution polycondensation method. The molecular structure of product was characterized by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR, which confirmed the molecular structure of the target product. And then, the effect of the mole ratio of raw materials, dropping time, reaction time, reaction temperature on inherent viscosity of PPIA was systematically studied. The product was also characterized for their thermal stability and crystallization through TGA, DSC and XRD. The target polymer, which is -NH₂ terminated PPIA, was identified by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR. The experimental results show that under the condition of the mole ratio of itaconyl chloride and P-phenylenediamine 1.05∶1, dropping time 60 min, the reaction time 60 min, the reaction temperature -5 ℃, the inherent viscosity of polymer reaches the maximum that is more than 1.6 dL/g. PPIA, which was prepared at low temperature, had better crystal structure according to XRD analysis; PPIA also shows better thermal stability by DSC and TGA. And PPIA has good mechanical properties through the determination of tensile strength and flexural strength.