改性聚乙烯醇粉体的制备及选择性激光烧结加工
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国家重点研发计划政府间国际创新合作重点专项(YS2017YFGH000267);国家自然科学科学基金资助项目(51433006);四川省青年科技创新研究团队专项计划(2016TD0010)


Preparation of Modified Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Powder and Its Selective Laser Sintering Processing
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    摘要:

    以甘油为增塑剂制备了适于选择性激光烧结的增塑改性聚乙烯醇粉体及其相应的柔性烧结制品。采用粉体流动性测试、差示扫描量热、激光粒度分析、扫描电镜、万能材料试验机等表征和研究了改性聚乙烯醇粉体和相应烧结制品的结构和性能。结果表明,30%的甘油增塑改性聚乙烯醇粉体具有优良的流动性能,平均粒径为64 μm,满足选择性激光烧结对粒径和粉体流动性的要求。甘油加入有效降低了聚乙烯醇的热塑加工温度和结晶度,改善了聚乙烯醇粉体的选择性激光烧结加工性能,有效避免了在较高激光扫描速率条件下烧结过程中的烧结层能量补偿不足和易发生翘曲变形的问题。通过优化烧结工艺参数,改性PVA烧结制品具有良好的烧结精度,误差在±0.3 mm以内,当激光能量密度达到0.099 J/mm2时,烧结样品力学性能良好,拉伸强度和压缩强度分别达到1.6 MPa和3.5 MPa。制备的改性聚乙烯醇烧结样品也具有良好的弹性回复性能,压缩量在30%以内时,弹性回复率可达80%以上。

    Abstract:

    The plasticized poly(vinyl alcohol) powders suitable for selective laser sintering (SLS) and the corresponding flexible sintered parts were successfully prepared by using the glycerol as plasticizer. The FT-4 powder rheometer, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), laser scattering particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), universal material tester were used to characterize and investigate the structure and property of the modified poly(vinyl alcohol) powder and the corresponding sintered parts. The results show that the poly(vinyl alcohol) powder modified with 30% glycerin has good powder flowability and average particle size of 64 μm, which satisfies the requirements of selective laser sintering for particle size and powder flowability. The addition of glycerin effectively reduces the thermal processing temperature and the crystallinity of the poly(vinyl alcohol). This could hence improve the SLS processability of poly(vinyl alcohol) powder and avoids the problem of insufficient energy compensation and the occurrence of warping deformation for the sintered layer during sintering process under the high laser scanning speed. By optimizing the processing parameters, the sintered products show the good sintering accuracy with the error in the range of ±0.3 mm. When the laser energy density reaches 0.099 J/mm2, the sintered parts show good mechanical properties with tensile strength 1.6 MPa and compressive strength 3.5 MPa. In addition, the obtained poly(vinyl alcohol) sintered parts also exhibit a good elastic resilience property. When the compression degree is in the range of <30%, the elastic recovery rate can be higher than 80%.

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王乐泉, 陈英红, 戚方伟, 杨 路.改性聚乙烯醇粉体的制备及选择性激光烧结加工[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2018,34(6):127-133.

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