As China's unique biopolymer resources, Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) has received much attention. In this work, grafted Eucommia ulmoides gum (GEEUG) with self-healing ability was prepared by epoxidation modification of EUG first, further introducing multiple hydrogen bonds into the EUG by ring opening reaction of the epoxy group. IR, ¹H-NMR, DSC, POM, universal tensile testing machine and dynamic viscoelastic spectrometer were used to evaluate the effect of degree of modification on the aggregation structure and healing conditions on the self-healing efficiency of GEEUG with different degrees of modification. The results show that under the reaction conditions of 50 ℃ and pH=5, the degree of modification is about 20% and almost no side reactions occur. No self-repairing behaviour was observed in epoxidized Eucommia ulmoides gum (EEUG), while the cracks on GEEUG 21.8 surfaces can be repaired in 12 min basically in the absence of any external force. After the two sections of GEEUG 21.8 contact at room temperature and 50 ℃ respectively for 2 h, the self-healing efficiency is up to 72.6% and 83.9% separately, suggesting a rapid and efficient self-healing ability under mild temperature conditions. The elastic recovery and the existence of multiple hydrogen bonding network are the main self-healing mechanism of the system.