Under heavy load conditions, the mechanical strength of tread rubber directly affects the wear performance of aircraft tires. Keeping the total filler amount at 60 parts, the influence of different carbon black/silica ratios on wear resistance of natural rubber (NR)/trans-polyisoprene rubber (TPI) composites under heavy load (> 1.5 MPa) was investigate by using TAS-300 tire wear simulation tester with a rotational speed of 800 r/min (15 Hz), and the static and dynamic properties of vulcanizates were analyzed. The results show that the abrasion of rubber increases with the increase of the load and the amount of silica. The vulcanizate of pure carbon black system exhibits the best wear resistance, which is mainly due to its high stress at 300% and high hardness, the deformation is small under high load. The test results of the rubber processing analyzer show that with the increase of the amount of silica, the "Payne effect" of the vulcanizates and the peak of the loss factor gradually decrease. Compression fatigue heat generation and flexural fatigue test results show that, compared with pure carbon black system, the dynamic heat generation of vulcanizate with a carbon black/silica ratio of 40/20 is reduced by 27.5%, and the fatigue life of grade 1 and grade 6 cracks is increased by 74% and 72%, respectively. In general, the decrease of hardness and stress at 300% is the main reason for the decline of wear resistance. However, the hardness and of vulcanizates are decreased, which leads to the decline of wear resistance. The results of FT-IR of the wear debris show that the wear of the vulcanizates is mainly caused by thermal oxygen degradation under mechanical force.