In order to further expand the functional application of aerogel materials and make them more widely used in building thermal insulation and energy saving, a phase change microcapsule (MEPCM) modified by vacuum adsorption particles was prepared using melamine sponge (MF) as skeleton support, melamine/silicon dioxide flexible aerogels (PMS) loaded with phase change microcapsules were prepared by in situ growth of silica-based aerogels by sol-gel method. The effects of phase change microcapsule loading and gel temperature on the structure and properties of the composites were studied. The results of scanning electron microscope analysis showed that the phase change microcapsule adsorbed inside the m skeleton, the aerogel particles grew on the microcapsule and its surface, the specific surface area varied from 608 m2/g to 159 m2/g, and the pore diameters were 1-5 nm and 10-50 nm. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows that the phase change temperature of PMS is suitable for building thermal insulation, the enthalpy of phase change can reach 75.05 J/g, and the enthalpy loss is very small after several cycles. The composite material forms a stable macrostructure and its mechanical properties are improved obviously, which lays a foundation for its application in the field of building thermal controla.