PTFE has attracted the attention of many experts and scholars at home and abroad due to its excellent performance. The stretched PTFE flat membrane has a unique "fibril-node" structure, and has broad application prospects in aerospace, automotive, chemical, medical and other fields. This article mainly reviews how to adjust the structure and performance of the paste extrudate and the membrane by controlling the source and composition of raw materials, equipment parameters, and process parameters during the preparation of PTFE flat membranes by the stretching method. Finally, the research on the unique fiber formation and stretching-induced pore formation mechanism and process parameters of PTFE is prospected, and the research direction of the application field of PTFE flat membrane is also pointed out.