Abstract:At present, water pollution and gas pollution are two prominent problems in environmental pollution. Among many methods to solve pollution, adsorption method is favored by researchers because of its good adaptability and simple operation. Among many adsorption materials, cellulose aerogels have high specific surface area, high porosity, reproducibility, good biocompatibility and degradation, etc., so it has become a research focus in the field of adsorption and separation. In this paper, the mechanism, modification treatment and application of cellulose aerogels in the adsorption of heavy metal ions, oils, dyes, organic matter, salts, PM2.5 and other pollution sources were introduced, and the main problems and challenges in the adsorption and separation field of cellulose aerogels were discussed, and the future development prospect was forecasted.