进气角度对聚氯乙烯圆管内外气辅挤出成型工艺影响的数值模拟
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1.华东交通大学 材料科学与工程学院,江西 南昌 330013;2.华东交通大学 机电与车辆工程学院,江西 南昌 330013

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南昌市重大科技攻关项目(洪科字(2024)202号);江西省自然科学基金重点项目(20232ACB204004);江西省重点研发计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(20223BBE51012)


Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Air Inlet Angle on the Internal and External Gas-Assisted Extrusion Process of Polyvinyl Chloride Round Pipe
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    摘要:

    聚氯乙烯(PVC-U)圆管挤出成型中熔体离开口模后易出现离模膨胀、熔体破裂等不良影响。为提升PVC-U圆管质量,引入气体辅助挤出成型技术;采用数值模拟的方法,通过Polyflow软件建立二维“气-液-气”耦合流动模型,结合PTT粘弹本构方程和流变实验参数,系统探究了15°,30°,45°和60° 4种进气角度下PVC-U圆管外形尺寸、熔体速度场、剪切速率及第一法向应力差的变化规律。结果表明,进气角度越大,壁厚收缩率越小,内外径尺寸及熔体出口处壁厚变化均不显著,角度过大削弱气体拖拽作用,降低轴向速度,熔体第一法向应力差最大值增大,不利于生产效率和质量;进气角度过小导致熔体径向速度极值过大(0.58 mm/s),不能充分地抑制熔体的挤出胀大;进气角度为15°时剪切速率峰值最大易诱发流动失稳,进气角度为30°及以上可有效抑制过高剪切(相比15°降幅达15.2%),提升表面质量。故得出结论,进气角度为15°~30°可兼顾尺寸精度与流动稳定性。

    Abstract:

    In the extrusion of polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) round tubes, the melt is prone to adverse effects such as demold expansion and melt rupture after leaving the mold. In order to improve the quality of PVC-U round tubes, gas-assisted extrusion molding technology was introduced; by using the numerical simulation method, the two-dimensional "gas-liquid-gas" coupling flow model was established by Polyflow software, and the changes of the overall dimensions, melt velocity field, shear rate and first normal stress difference of PVC-U round pipes at four intake angles of 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° were systematically explored. The results show that the larger the inlet angle, the smaller the shrinkage rate of wall thickness, the inner and outer diameter dimensions and the wall thickness at the melt outlet are not significant, the angle is too large to weaken the gas dragging effect, reduce the axial velocity, and the maximum value of the first normal stress difference of the melt increases, which is not conducive to production efficiency and quality. The extreme value of the radial velocity of the melt is too large (0.58 mm/s) due to the small inlet angle, which cannot fully inhibit the extrusion expansion of the melt. When the inlet angle is 15°, the peak shear rate is the maximum, which is easy to induce flow instability, and the inlet angle of 30° and above can effectively inhibit excessive shear (15.2% reduction compared with 15°) and improve the surface quality. Therefore, it is concluded that the inlet angle of 15°~30° can take into account the dimensional accuracy and flow stability.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-29
  • 录用日期:2026-04-20
  • 网络出版日期:2026-07-14
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