Bubble control in cement-based materials has always been a disciplinary challenge. Improving the stability and controllability of bubbles in cement-based materials through multiple factors, is of great significance for improving the rheological properties and durability of cement-based materials. Among numerous influencing factors, bubble regulated polymer surfactants play a crucial role in bubble regulation of cement-based materials. This article provided a brief introduction to the formation and collapse process of bubbles in freshly mixed concrete, summarized the main factors affecting the stability of bubbles, such as the influence of air-entraining admixture, water reducing agent and nanoparticles on the stability of bubbles, and introduced the research progress in the synthesis of air entraining admixtures in recent years. Finally, the important significance of bubbles in cement-based materials on the performance of concrete was discussed.