Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) has the advantages of heat resistance, oxidation resistance and chemical corrosion resistance, and is suitable for harsh environments such as high-pressure hydrogen sealing, auto parts manufacturing, deep wells in oil fields, aerospace, industrial pipelines, etc. With the improvement of global environmental protection requirements, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, as an environmentally friendly material, has also attracted much attention in its application prospect in replacing traditional rubber. The research status of HNBR composites was reviewed, the composition of HNBR composites and the applications in different fields were reviewed, and the future research directions such as material modification, composite technology and catalyst development were put forward, so as to promote the application and performance improvement of HNBR in a broader range of fields.