The urgent need to address marine crude oil spills and plastic pollution has driven the development of novel oil-water separation materials. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based porous materials (PUP) were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation technique. Orthogonal experiments optimized key preparation parameters, yielding optimal conditions:0.08 g / mL TPU concentration, phase separation temperature of -10 ℃, phase separation duration of 30 min, and a solvent ratio of 9.5 ∶ 0.5 for 1,4-dioxane (DO) / water (H₂O). Hydrophobic polyurethane porous materials ( HPUP ) were further synthesized by incorporating hydrophobic silica ( SiO₂) nanoparticles. Comparative analysis revealed distinct performance characteristics between PUP and HPUP. Experimental results demonstrate saturated silicone oil adsorption capacities of 49.27 g / g ( PUP) and 41.39 g / g ( HPUP), with stable adsorption performance retained over 10 adsorption-desorption cycles. The kinetics analysis confirms that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order model ( R²>0.998). Determined by UV-vis spectrophotometry, the adsorption thresholds of PUP and HPUP for organic solvents are 0.75‰ and 2.15‰, respectively, and for plant oil, they are 1.63‰ and 1.24‰, respectively. A selfdesigned continuous oil-water separation device achieves a flux of 0.035 g / (cm²·s), and can reach 0.040 g / (cm²·s) after the hydrophobic modification, maintaining > 99% oil recovery. This study provides novel insights into the design of environmentally friendly oil-water separation materials.