The introduction of fluorescent probes on the surface of dendritic fibrous nano-silica (DFNS) will give it the ability to recognize and adsorb heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent composite material with high sensitivity detection and efficient adsorption function to realize the “ detectionadsorption” integrated treatment of heavy metal pollution. In this paper, DFNS was synthesized by St?ber method and modified with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) to introduce C=C double bond (DFNS-VTES). The C=C double bond was introduced into the structure of naphthalimide (Naph) and benzothiazole (BT), and the RAFT chain transfer agent ( CTA ) containing C=C double bonds was synthesized synchronously. Fluorescent hyperbranched polymer ( FL-HBP) was prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer ( RAFT) emulsion polymerization of Naph, BT and CTA. Based on the Heck reaction, FL-HBP was covalently grafted onto the surface of DFNS-VTES to obtain a composite probe FL-HBP-DFNS. The probe show a fluorescence“turn-on” effect on Pb²⁺ and Hg⁺, and the detection limits are 7.34 nmol / L and 22.94 nmol / L, respectively. The adsorption efficiency is 94.6% and the maximum adsorption capacity is 89.7 mg / g. FL-HBP-DFNS realizes the integration of “detection-adsorption”, and providing a new type of intelligent material for the treatment of heavy metal pollution, especially for the real-time monitoring and targeted repair of industrial wastewater.